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<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Constrained Layout Guide</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-example">Simple Example</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#colorbars">Colorbars</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#suptitle">Suptitle</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#legends">Legends</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#padding-and-spacing">Padding and Spacing</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#spacing-with-colorbars">Spacing with colorbars</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rcparams">rcParams</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#use-with-gridspec">Use with GridSpec</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#manually-setting-axes-positions">Manually setting axes positions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations">Limitations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#incompatible-functions">Incompatible functions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-caveats">Other Caveats</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debugging">Debugging</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes-on-the-algorithm">Notes on the algorithm</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#figure-layout">Figure layout</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-case-one-axes">Simple case: one Axes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#simple-case-two-axes">Simple case: two Axes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#two-axes-and-colorbar">Two Axes and colorbar</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#colorbar-associated-with-a-gridspec">Colorbar associated with a Gridspec</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#uneven-sized-axes">Uneven sized Axes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#empty-gridspec-slots">Empty gridspec slots</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-notes">Other notes</a></li>
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<div class="sphx-glr-download-link-note admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Click <a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-tutorials-intermediate-constrainedlayout-guide-py"><span class="std std-ref">here</span></a> to download the full example code</p>
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<div class="sphx-glr-example-title section" id="constrained-layout-guide">
<span id="sphx-glr-tutorials-intermediate-constrainedlayout-guide-py"></span><h1>Constrained Layout Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#constrained-layout-guide" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>How to use constrained-layout to fit plots within your figure cleanly.</p>
<p><em>constrained_layout</em> automatically adjusts subplots and decorations like
legends and colorbars so that they fit in the figure window while still
preserving, as best they can, the logical layout requested by the user.</p>
<p><em>constrained_layout</em> is similar to <em>tight_layout</em>, but uses a constraint
solver to determine the size of axes that allows them to fit.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">As of Matplotlib 2.2, Constrained Layout is <strong>experimental</strong>. The
behaviour and API are subject to change, or the whole functionality
may be removed without a deprecation period. If you <em>require</em> your
plots to be absolutely reproducible, get the Axes positions after
running Constrained Layout and use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.set_position()</span></code> in your code
with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout=False</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="simple-example">
<h2>Simple Example<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In Matplotlib, the location of axes (including subplots) are specified in
normalized figure coordinates. It can happen that your axis labels or
titles (or sometimes even ticklabels) go outside the figure area, and are thus
clipped.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 18</span>
<span class="c1">#import matplotlib</span>
<span class="c1">#matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">warnings</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.colors</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mcolors</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.gridspec</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">gridspec</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib._layoutbox</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">layoutbox</span>
<a href="../../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.rcParams" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.rcParams"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'savefig.facecolor'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"0.8"</span>
<a href="../../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.rcParams" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.rcParams"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'figure.figsize'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">4.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">4.</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nodec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">locator_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nbins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">nodec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'x-label'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'y-label'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Title'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_001.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_001.png" />
<p>To prevent this, the location of axes needs to be adjusted. For
subplots, this can be done by adjusting the subplot params
(<a class="reference internal" href="../../faq/howto_faq.html#howto-subplots-adjust"><span class="std std-ref">Move the edge of an axes to make room for tick labels</span></a>). However, specifying your figure with the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout=True</span></code> kwarg will do the adjusting automatically.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_002.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_002.png" />
<p>When you have multiple subplots, often you see labels of different
axes overlapping each other.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_003.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_003.png" />
<p>Specifying <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout=True</span></code> in the call to <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plt.subplots</span></code>
causes the layout to be properly constrained.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_004.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_004.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="colorbars">
<h2>Colorbars<a class="headerlink" href="#colorbars" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you create a colorbar with the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar.html#matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar" title="matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colorbar()</span></code></a>
command you need to make room for it. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code> does this
automatically. Note that if you specify <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">use_gridspec=True</span></code> it will be
ignored because this option is made for improving the layout via
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tight_layout</span></code>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pcolormesh</span></code> kwargs (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pc_kwargs</span></code>) we use a dictionary.
Below we will assign one colorbar to a number of axes each containing
a <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ScalarMappable</span></code>; specifying the norm and colormap ensures
the colorbar is accurate for all the axes.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.colors.Normalize.html#matplotlib.colors.Normalize" title="View documentation for matplotlib.colors.Normalize"><span class="n">mcolors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Normalize</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vmin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vmax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">100.</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># see note above: this makes all pcolormesh calls consistent:</span>
<span class="n">pc_kwargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'rasterized'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'cmap'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s1">'viridis'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'norm'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">norm</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_005.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_005.png" />
<p>If you specify a list of axes (or other iterable container) to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax</span></code> argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colorbar</span></code>, constrained_layout will take space from all # axes that share the same gridspec.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_006.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_006.png" />
<p>Note that there is a bit of a subtlety when specifying a single axes
as the parent. In the following, it might be desirable and expected
for the colorbars to line up, but they don't because the colorbar paired
with the bottom axes is tied to the subplotspec of the axes, and hence
shrinks when the gridspec-level colorbar is added.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_007.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_007.png" />
<p>The API to make a single-axes behave like a list of axes is to specify
it as a list (or other iterable container), as below:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_008.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_008.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="suptitle">
<h2>Suptitle<a class="headerlink" href="#suptitle" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code> can also make room for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">suptitle</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">suptitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Big Suptitle'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_009.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_009.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="legends">
<h2>Legends<a class="headerlink" href="#legends" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Legends can be placed outside
of their parent axis. Constrained-layout is designed to handle this.
However, constrained-layout does <em>not</em> handle legends being created via
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fig.legend()</span></code> (yet).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'This is a plot'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'center left'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bbox_to_anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_010.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_010.png" />
<p>However, this will steal space from a subplot layout:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'This is a plot'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'center left'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bbox_to_anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_011.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_011.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="padding-and-spacing">
<h2>Padding and Spacing<a class="headerlink" href="#padding-and-spacing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>For constrained_layout, we have implemented a padding around the edge of
each axes. This padding sets the distance from the edge of the plot,
and the minimum distance between adjacent plots. It is specified in
inches by the keyword arguments <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">w_pad</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h_pad</span></code> to the function
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fig.set_constrained_layout_pads</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nodec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_constrained_layout_pads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">4.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">4.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nodec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_constrained_layout_pads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="sphx-glr-horizontal">
<li><img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_012.png" class="sphx-glr-multi-img first" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_012.png" />
</li>
<li><img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_013.png" class="sphx-glr-multi-img first" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_013.png" />
</li>
</ul>
<p>Spacing between subplots is set by <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wspace</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hspace</span></code>. There are
specified as a fraction of the size of the subplot group as a whole.
If the size of the figure is changed, then these spaces change in
proportion. Note in the blow how the space at the edges doesn't change from
the above, but the space between subplots does.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nodec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_constrained_layout_pads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_014.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_014.png" />
<div class="section" id="spacing-with-colorbars">
<h3>Spacing with colorbars<a class="headerlink" href="#spacing-with-colorbars" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Colorbars still respect the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">w_pad</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h_pad</span></code> values. However they will
be <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wspace</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hsapce</span></code> apart from other subplots. Note the use of a <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pad</span></code>
kwarg here in the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colorbar</span></code> call. It defaults to 0.02 of the size of the
axis it is attached to.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_constrained_layout_pads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_015.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_015.png" />
<p>In the above example, the colorbar will not ever be closer than 2 pts to
the plot, but if we want it a bit further away, we can specify its value
for <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pad</span></code> to be non-zero.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">pc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticklabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_constrained_layout_pads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h_pad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">72.</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">hspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wspace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_016.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_016.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="rcparams">
<h3>rcParams<a class="headerlink" href="#rcparams" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are five <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rcParams</span></code> that can be set, either in a script
or in the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlibrc</span></code> file. They all have the prefix
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">figure.constrained_layout</span></code>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">use</span></code>: Whether to use constrained_layout. Default is False</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">w_pad</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">h_pad</span></code> Padding around axes objects.</dt>
<dd>Float representing inches. Default is 3./72. inches (3 pts)</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wspace</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hspace</span></code> Space between subplot groups.</dt>
<dd>Float representing a fraction of the subplot widths being separated.
Default is 0.02.</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="../../api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.rcParams" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.rcParams"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'figure.constrained_layout.use'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_017.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_017.png" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="use-with-gridspec">
<h2>Use with GridSpec<a class="headerlink" href="#use-with-gridspec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>constrained_layout is meant to be used
with <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.subplots" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.subplots"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subplots()</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GridSpec()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.add_subplot"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_subplot()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_018.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_018.png" />
<p>More complicated gridspec layouts are possible...</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ss</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">gs2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ss</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x-label"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_019.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_019.png" />
<p>Note that in the above the left and columns don't have the same vertical
extent. If we want the top and bottom of the two grids to line up then
they need to be in the same gridspec:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_020.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_020.png" />
<p>This example uses two gridspecs to have the colorbar only pertain to
one set of pcolors. Note how the left column is wider than the
two right-hand columns because of this. Of course, if you wanted the
subplots to be the same size you only needed one gridspec.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">docomplicated</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">suptitle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width_ratios</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">gsl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">gsr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gs0</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">gs</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">gsl</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">gs</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">gsr</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pcm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'x-label'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'y-label'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pcm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">suptitle</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">suptitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">suptitle</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">docomplicated</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_021.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_021.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="manually-setting-axes-positions">
<h2>Manually setting axes positions<a class="headerlink" href="#manually-setting-axes-positions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>There can be good reasons to manually set an axes position. A manual call
to <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.set_position()</span></code> will set the axes so constrained_layout has no
effect on it anymore. (Note that constrained_layout still leaves the space
for the axes that is moved).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_position</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_022.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_022.png" />
<p>If you want an inset axes in data-space, you need to manually execute the
layout using <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fig.execute_constrained_layout()</span></code> call. The inset figure
will then be properly positioned. However, it will not be properly
positioned if the size of the figure is subsequently changed. Similarly,
if the figure is printed to another backend, there may be slight changes
of location due to small differences in how the backends render fonts.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.transforms</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.Bbox" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.Bbox"><span class="n">Bbox</span></a>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute_constrained_layout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># put into data-space:</span>
<span class="n">bb_data_ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.Bbox.from_bounds" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.Bbox.from_bounds"><span class="n">Bbox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_bounds</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">disp_coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transData</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bb_data_ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig_coords_ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transFigure</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inverted</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">disp_coords</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bb_ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.Bbox" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.Bbox"><span class="n">Bbox</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig_coords_ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_axes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bb_ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_023.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_023.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="limitations">
<h2>Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="incompatible-functions">
<h3>Incompatible functions<a class="headerlink" href="#incompatible-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code> will not work on subplots
created via the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subplot</span></code> command. The reason is that each of these
commands creates a separate <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GridSpec</span></code> instance and <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code>
uses (nested) gridspecs to carry out the layout. So the following fails
to yield a nice layout:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">221</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">223</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">122</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_024.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_024.png" />
<p>Of course that layout is possible using a gridspec:</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_025.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_025.png" />
<p>Similarly,
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subplot2grid()</span></code></a> doesn't work for the same reason:
each call creates a different parent gridspec.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot2grid</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot2grid</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">colspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot2grid</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">colspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplot2grid"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot2grid</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">rowspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_026.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_026.png" />
<p>The way to make this plot compatible with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code> is again
to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gridspec</span></code> directly</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
<span class="n">ax3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_027.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_027.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="other-caveats">
<h3>Other Caveats<a class="headerlink" href="#other-caveats" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constrained_layout</span></code> only considers ticklabels, axis labels, titles, and
legends. Thus, other artists may be clipped and also may overlap.</li>
<li>It assumes that the extra space needed for ticklabels, axis labels,
and titles is independent of original location of axes. This is
often true, but there are rare cases where it is not.</li>
<li>There are small differences in how the backends handle rendering fonts,
so the results will not be pixel-identical.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="debugging">
<h2>Debugging<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Constrained-layout can fail in somewhat unexpected ways. Because it uses
a constraint solver the solver can find solutions that are mathematically
correct, but that aren't at all what the user wants. The usual failure
mode is for all sizes to collapse to their smallest allowable value. If
this happens, it is for one of two reasons:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>There was not enough room for the elements you were requesting to draw.</li>
<li>There is a bug - in which case open an issue at
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues">https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p>If there is a bug, please report with a self-contained example that does
not require outside data or dependencies (other than numpy).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="notes-on-the-algorithm">
<h2>Notes on the algorithm<a class="headerlink" href="#notes-on-the-algorithm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The algorithm for the constraint is relatively straightforward, but
has some complexity due to the complex ways we can layout a figure.</p>
<div class="section" id="figure-layout">
<h3>Figure layout<a class="headerlink" href="#figure-layout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Figures are laid out in a hierarchy:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Figure: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fig</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">plt.figure()</span></code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<div><ol class="loweralpha">
<li><p class="first">Gridspec <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gs0</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">gridspec.GridSpec(1,</span> <span class="pre">2,</span> <span class="pre">figure=fig)</span></code></p>
<blockquote>
<div><ol class="lowerroman simple">
<li>Subplotspec: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ss</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">gs[0,</span> <span class="pre">0]</span></code><ol class="arabic">
<li>Axes: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax0</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">fig.add_subplot(ss)</span></code></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Subplotspec: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ss</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">gs[0,</span> <span class="pre">1]</span></code></li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<div><ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Gridspec: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gsR</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(2,</span> <span class="pre">1,</span> <span class="pre">ss)</span></code></p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Subplotspec: ss = gsR[0, 0]</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Axes: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">axR0</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">fig.add_subplot(ss)</span></code></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Subplotspec: ss = gsR[1, 0]</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Axes: <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">axR1</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">fig.add_subplot(ss)</span></code></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</div></blockquote>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Each item has a layoutbox associated with it. The nesting of gridspecs
created with <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></code></a> can be arbitrarily deep.</p>
<p>Each <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~matplotlib.axes.Axes`</span> <span class="pre">has</span> <span class="pre">*two*</span> <span class="pre">layoutboxes.</span>  <span class="pre">The</span> <span class="pre">first</span> <span class="pre">one,</span>
<span class="pre">``ax._layoutbox</span></code> represents the outside of the Axes and all its
decorations (i.e. ticklabels,axis labels, etc.).
The second layoutbox corresponds to the Axes' <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax.position</span></code>, which sets
where in the figure the spines are placed.</p>
<p>Why so many stacked containers? Ideally, all that would be needed are the
Axes layout boxes. For the Gridspec case, a container is
needed if the Gridspec is nested via <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec" title="matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GridSpecFromSubplotSpec</span></code></a>. At the
top level, it is desirable for symmetry, but it also makes room for
<a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.suptitle" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.suptitle"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">suptitle</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>For the Subplotspec/Axes case, Axes often have colorbars or other
annotations that need to be packaged inside the Subplotspec, hence the
need for the outer layer.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="simple-case-one-axes">
<h3>Simple case: one Axes<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-case-one-axes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>For a single Axes the layout is straight forward. The Figure and
outer Gridspec layoutboxes coincide. The Subplotspec and Axes
boxes also coincide because the Axes has no colorbar. Note
the difference between the red <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pos</span></code> box and the green <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax</span></code> box
is set by the size of the decorations around the Axes.</p>
<p>In the code, this is accomplished by the entries in <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">do_constrained_layout</span></code>
like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_poslayoutbox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">edit_left_margin_min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">bbox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">pos</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w_padt</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib._layoutbox</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">plot_children</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_028.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_028.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="simple-case-two-axes">
<h3>Simple case: two Axes<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-case-two-axes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>For this case, the Axes layoutboxes and the Subplotspec boxes still
co-incide. However, because the decorations in the right-hand plot are so
much smaller than the left-hand, so the right-hand layoutboxes are smaller.</p>
<p>The Subplotspec boxes are laid out in the code in the subroutine
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arange_subplotspecs</span></code>, which simply checks the subplotspecs in the code
against one another and stacks them appropriately.</p>
<p>The two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pos</span></code> axes are lined up. Because they have the same
minimum row, they are lined up at the top. Because
they have the same maximum row they are lined up at the bottom. In the
code this is accomplished via the calls to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">layoutbox.align</span></code>. If
there was more than one row, then the same horizontal alignment would
occur between the rows.</p>
<p>The two <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pos</span></code> axes are given the same width because the subplotspecs
occupy the same number of columns. This is accomplished in the code where
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dcols0</span></code> is compared to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dcolsC</span></code>. If they are equal, then their widths
are constrained to be equal.</p>
<p>While it is a bit subtle in this case, note that the division between the
Subplotspecs is <em>not</em> centered, but has been moved to the right to make
space for the larger labels on the left-hand plot.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">example_plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_029.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_029.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="two-axes-and-colorbar">
<h3>Two Axes and colorbar<a class="headerlink" href="#two-axes-and-colorbar" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Adding a colorbar makes it clear why the Subplotspec layoutboxes must
be different from the axes layoutboxes. Here we see the left-hand
subplotspec has more room to accommodate the <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure.colorbar" title="matplotlib.figure.Figure.colorbar"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">colorbar</span></code></a>, and
that there are two green <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ax</span></code> boxes inside the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ss</span></code> box.</p>
<p>Note that the width of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pos</span></code> boxes is still the same because of the
constraint on their widths because their subplotspecs occupy the same
number of columns (one in this example).</p>
<p>The colorbar layout logic is contained in <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/colorbar_api.html#matplotlib.colorbar.make_axes" title="matplotlib.colorbar.make_axes"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make_axes</span></code></a>
which calls <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_constrained_layout.layoutcolorbarsingle</span></code>
for cbars attached to a single axes, and
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_constrained_layout.layoutcolorbargridspec</span></code> if the colorbar is associated
with a gridspec.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_030.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_030.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="colorbar-associated-with-a-gridspec">
<h3>Colorbar associated with a Gridspec<a class="headerlink" href="#colorbar-associated-with-a-gridspec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>This example shows the Subplotspec layoutboxes being made smaller by
a colorbar layoutbox. The size of the colorbar layoutbox is
set to be <em>shrink</em> smaller than the vertical extent of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pos</span></code>
layoutboxes in the gridspec, and it is made to be centered between
those two points.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colorbar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">im</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shrink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_031.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_031.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="uneven-sized-axes">
<h3>Uneven sized Axes<a class="headerlink" href="#uneven-sized-axes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are two ways to make axes have an uneven size in a
Gridspec layout, either by specifying them to cross Gridspecs rows
or columns, or by specifying width and height ratios.</p>
<p>The first method is used here. The constraint that makes the heights
be correct is in the code where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">drowsC</span> <span class="pre"><</span> <span class="pre">drows0</span></code> which in
this case would be 1 is less than 2. So we constrain the
height of the 1-row Axes to be less than half the height of the
2-row Axes.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This algorithm can be wrong if the decorations attached to the smaller
axes are very large, so there is an unaccounted-for edge case.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_032.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_032.png" />
<p>Height and width ratios are accommodated with the same part of
the code with the smaller axes always constrained to be less in size
than the larger.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">height_ratios</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.5</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="n">width_ratios</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_033.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_033.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="empty-gridspec-slots">
<h3>Empty gridspec slots<a class="headerlink" href="#empty-gridspec-slots" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The final piece of the code that has not been explained is what happens if
there is an empty gridspec opening. In that case a fake invisible axes is
added and we proceed as before. The empty gridspec has no decorations, but
the axes position in made the same size as the occupied Axes positions.</p>
<p>This is done at the start of
<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">do_constrained_layout</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hassubplotspec</span></code>).</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">constrained_layout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">gs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec.html#matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec" title="View documentation for matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec"><span class="n">gridspec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GridSpec</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figure</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">im</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pcolormesh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">pc_kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plot_children</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_layoutbox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">printit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_034.png" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_constrainedlayout_guide_034.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="other-notes">
<h3>Other notes<a class="headerlink" href="#other-notes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The layout is called only once. This is OK if the original layout was
pretty close (which it should be in most cases). However, if the layout
changes a lot from the default layout then the decorators can change size.
In particular the x and ytick labels can change. If this happens, then
we should probably call the whole routine twice.</p>
<p><strong>Total running time of the script:</strong> ( 0 minutes 1.676 seconds)</p>
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