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<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-figure">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-showcase-anatomy-py"></span><h1>Anatomy of a figure<a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-figure" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This figure shows the name of several matplotlib elements composing a figure</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_anatomy_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_anatomy_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.ticker</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator"><span class="n">AutoMinorLocator</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator"><span class="n">MultipleLocator</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter"><span class="n">FuncFormatter</span></a>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">X</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Y1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Y2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">0.75</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Y3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Y1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Y2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.figaspect.html#matplotlib.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aspect</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">minor_tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pos</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">%.2f</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator"><span class="n">MultipleLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.000</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_minor_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator"><span class="n">AutoMinorLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator"><span class="n">MultipleLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.000</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_minor_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.AutoMinorLocator"><span class="n">AutoMinorLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_minor_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter"><span class="n">FuncFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minor_tick</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">which</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'major'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">which</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'major'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">which</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'minor'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tick_params</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">which</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'minor'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labelcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'0.25'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">linestyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"--"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'.25'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zorder</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Y1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.00</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Blue signal"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zorder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Y2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.00</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">lw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Red signal"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Y3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">marker</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'o'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">markerfacecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">markeredgecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'k'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Anatomy of a figure"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">verticalalignment</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"X axis label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Y axis label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patches</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.Circle.html#matplotlib.patches.Circle" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patches.Circle"><span class="n">Circle</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patheffects</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/patheffects_api.html#matplotlib.patheffects.withStroke" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patheffects.withStroke"><span class="n">withStroke</span></a>
<span class="n">circle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.Circle.html#matplotlib.patches.Circle" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patches.Circle"><span class="n">Circle</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clip_on</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zorder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">edgecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'black'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="mo">0125</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">path_effects</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><a href="../../api/patheffects_api.html#matplotlib.patheffects.withStroke" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patheffects.withStroke"><span class="n">withStroke</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">linewidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foreground</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'w'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_artist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">backgroundcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"white"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">ha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'center'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">va</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'top'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bold'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'blue'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Minor tick</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Minor tick label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Major tick</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.03</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">4.00</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.03</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Major tick"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Minor tick</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.00</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.00</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Minor tick"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Major tick label</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.00</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Major tick label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># X Label</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.27</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.45</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"X axis label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Y Label</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.27</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.27</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Y axis label"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Title</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">4.13</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.93</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Title"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Blue plot</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Line</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">(line plot)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Red plot</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.60</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Line</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">(line plot)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Scatter plot</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.75</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.55</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Markers</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">(scatter plot)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Grid</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.00</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.00</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.00</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Grid"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Legend</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.70</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.80</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.70</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Legend"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Axes</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Axes"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Figure</span>
<span class="n">circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.65</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.45</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Figure"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'blue'</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">annotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Spines'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.35</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">xycoords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">xytext</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">textcoords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bold'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">arrowprops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arrowstyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'->'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">connectionstyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"arc3"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">annotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">xy</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">xycoords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">xytext</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.45</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.45</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">textcoords</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bold'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">arrowprops</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arrowstyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'->'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">connectionstyle</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"arc3"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">color</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Made with http://matplotlib.org"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">fontsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"right"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'.5'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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